To put it into perspective, … 5th Anniversary of the Manhattan Project National Historical Park, info@nuclearmuseum.org Contact Us. It has been speculated that the second stage used this method as well. Ethen Kim Lieser is a Tech Editor who has held posts at Google, The Korea Herald, Lincoln Journal Star, AsianWeek and Arirang TV. Use this page to learn how to convert between megatons and tons. The researchers said that their findings from studies on other asteroids do support this new theory. Detonated by the Soviet Union on October 30, 1961, Tsar Bomba is the largest nuclear device ever detonated and the most powerful man-made explosion in history. After that, NASA estimates a … 2 x 10 23 watts, or 200 billion trillion watts!!! The team also included Andrei Sakharov, Viktor Adamsky, Yuri Babayev, Yuri Smirnov, and Yuri Trutnev. [7], But, even on this basis, comparing the actual energy yields of a large nuclear device and an explosion of TNT can be slightly inaccurate. With a yield of 50 megatons of TNT, Tsar Bomba was the culmination of a number of hydrogen bomb tests conducted throughout this time by both the Soviet Union and the United States. Switch units Starting unit. Tsar Bomba also represented 25% of the estimated yield of the Krakatoa volcanic eruption of 1883, and 10% of all nuclear tests by this point. joule . Windows even shattered as far away as Norway and Finland due to atmospheric focusing of the shock wave. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4184 joules (or one large Calorie = 1,000 calories) of energy is released. The biggest h bomb that China has detonated is 4 megatons of TNT, The complete conversion of 1 kg of matter into pure energy would yield, The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. And there is always the speculation that the explosion was caused by a UFO. In a brand-new Russian study, researchers have suggested a strange alternative to what exactly transpired in the Tunguska event. Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a small vehicle. Even though calculations suggested the explosion would reach the ground, this was prevented when the bomb’s extremely large shock wave was reflected. To put it into perspective, that’s about a thousand times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima during World War II.
Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2× the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4× higher for one type of metal and 7× higher for another type of metal. The energy liberated by one gram of TNT was arbitrarily defined as a matter of convention to be 4184 J,[10] which is exactly one kilocalorie. [8], Such differences can be substantial. 3 ICBM warhead, was also approximately 25 megatons. Later estimates for the Chicxulub impactor energy have climbed to between 300 million megatons and 11,900 million megatons. 2.3900573613767E-16 Mt Conversion base : 1 J = 2.3900573613767E-16 Mt. He currently resides in Minneapolis. "The energy of the blast is estimated to have been equivalent to the explosive force of as much as 15 megatons of TNT. The bomb bay doors and fuselage fuel tanks were removed from the Tu-95V due to its large size. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. Approximate yield of the last eruption of the, Approximate total yield of the super eruption of the, The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of. The "megaton (of TNT)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.184×1015 J). The uranium-238 fusion tamper greatly amplifies the reaction by fissioning uranium atoms with fast neutrons from the fusion reaction. Join Today as an Atomic History Patron Member, Discovery Channel - Ultimates - Explosions - Tsar bomb segment, Restricted Data: The Nuclear Secrecy Blog, Soviet Physicist Andrei Sakharov provides details on Tsar Bomba in his, Central Intelligence Agency, National Intelligence Estimate 11-2A-62, ", For more information on nuclear weapons, please visit Alex Wellerstein's. We calculated trajectory characteristics of space from 50 to 200 meters in diameter, and our modeling shows that it could not consist of rock or ice because, in contrast with iron, such bodies fall apart quickly because of colossal aerodynamic pressure in the atmosphere.”. The cloud reached higher than the stratosphere at its highest altitude. "Kiloton" redirects here.
If such a weapon exploded in a large American city such as New York, Chicago, San Francisco, or Washington, D.C., their metropolitan areas plus large portions of their surrounding suburbs would be completely destroyed and nearly devoid of all life. For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1 kg of TNT, then based on octanitrocubane's RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. Total solar output in all directions per day. 1 megatons to tons = 1000000 tons. The table below should be taken as an example and not as a precise source of data. gigajoule (GJ) megajoule (MJ) kilojoule (kJ) joule (J) calories and kilocalories. For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4686 J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4853 J/g. All of the wooden and brick buildings in nearby Severny, located 34 miles from the aiming point or ground zero, were annihilated. When the team finally made its way there, mysteriously, no impact crater was ever discovered. [2], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. On October 30, 1961, Tsar Bomba was detonated in the atmosphere at 11:32 Moscow Time over the Mityushikha Bay Nuclear Testing Range in the northern Arctic Circle. For comparison, the nuclear bomb dropped on Japan’s Hiroshima in 1945, towards the end of World War Two, was in the range of 13 kilotons to 18 kilotons – 13,000 to 18,000 tonnes of TNT. The extreme damage and devastation wrought by thermonuclear weapons like the Tsar Bomba is unimaginable. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184 gigajoules,[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. [3][4][5][6], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. “At present, there are over 100 hypotheses about the nature of the Tunguska phenomenon,” he told The Siberian Times. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the, This page was last edited on 28 October 2020, at 04:53. The shock wave was felt as far away as the Dikson settlement located 430 miles away, and windows shattered at a distance of 560 miles. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. The energy of the blast is estimated to have been equivalent to the explosive force of as much as 15 megatons of TNT. To put it into perspective, that’s about a thousand times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima during World War II.". so that the rate of energy dissipation in watts is . [9], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15 kt (6.3×1013 J); but an actual explosion of a 15000 ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 8×1013 J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[8]. 70 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0167: 2 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0005: 80 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0191: 3 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0007: 90 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0215: 4 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.001: 100 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0239: 5 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0012: 200 Megajoules to Tons Of Tnt = 0.0478 The relative effectiveness factor (RE factor) relates an explosive's demolition power to that of TNT, in units of the TNT equivalent/kg (TNTe/kg). There were, however, rock fragments that could have been from a meteorite. ›› Quick conversion chart of megatons to tons. Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1 kg of TNT. Limitations of the TNT equivalent method), "Appendix B8 – Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically", "Arc blast Tri-Nitro-Toluene TNT Trotyl equivalent – ARCAD INC", "Local media: Blast at Cairo cathedral kills at least 25", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing?
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