Each requires a full seven parameters: the X, Y coordinates for three corner points defining the triangle, followed by a color: There are two basic string drawing procedures for adding text. The file format for the AdaFruit GFX library is defined in their open source library, currently in the file gfxfont.h. "The cheapest, fastest, and most reliable components are those that aren't there". Arduino Mega or any 32-bit board should manage fine. Or you can convert most any font you like. If this happens, use fewer or smaller fonts, or use the standard built-in font. The character-drawing function just isn’t set up to render that way (it would be prohibitive in both memory and speed on AVRs, which are still supported by the library). When switching between built-in and custom fonts, the library will automatically shift the cursor position up or down 6 pixels as needed to continue along the same baseline. To override this behavior (so text will run off the right side of the display — useful for scrolling marquee effects), use setTextWrap(false). If you need to reference the size of the screen (which will change between portrait and landscape modes), use width() and height(). Building this tool requires the gcc compiler and FreeType library. This can be really handy if you had to turn your board or display sideways or upside down to fit in a particular enclosure. It should work on many Linux- or UNIX-like systems (Raspberry Pi, Mac OS X, maybe Cygwin for Windows, among others). From the Arduino “Sketch” menu, select “Include Library” then “Manage Libraries…”. Each begins with an X, Y, width and height (just like normal rectangles), then there’s a corner radius (in pixels) and finally the color value: Here’s an added bonus trick: because the circle functions are always drawn relative to a center pixel, the resulting circle diameter will always be an odd number of pixels. If an image is too large to fit in available RAM, a value of IMAGE_ERR_MALLOC will be returned. It might be marginally useful on the Arduino Mega with very small images. This is why I recommend using descriptive filenames incorporating the font base name, size, and "7p". Use CircuitPython BLE code on desktops, laptops, and Raspberry Pi. More recent versions of the Adafruit GFX library offer the ability to use alternate fonts besides the one standard fixed-size and -spaced face that’s built in. Now we need to do some work in setup(), and again it’s different for SD cards vs. flash filesystems…. updated on Jul 29, 2012. But at least the sketch won’t crash. These last four values will then contain the upper-left corner and the width & height of the area covered by this text — these can then be passed directly as arguments to fillRect(). Text is normally drawn “clear” — the open parts of each character show the original background contents, but if you want the text to block out what’s underneath, a background color can be specified as an optional second parameter tosetTextColor(). more RAM (about 512 bytes for the 128x32 pixel canvas shown above), so it’s not always practical on AVR boards with only 2K. The included fonts are in a bitmap format, not scalable vectors, as it needs to work within the limitations of a small microcontroller. For an introduction, see the Arduino tutorial on PROGMEM usage. The fillScreen() function will set the entire display to a given color, erasing any existing content: You can also rotate your drawing. Then…we declare a display object (called “tft” in most of the examples) the usual way…for example, with the 2.8 inch TFT touch shield for Arduino, it’s: That all takes place in the global variable section, even before the setup() function. Begin with setCursor(x, y), which will place the top left corner of the text wherever you please. Then the .h filename and font structure name can match. The old scheme of drawing background pixels in the same pass only creates a new set of problems. This allows Arduino sketches to easily be adapted between display types with minimal fuss…and any new features, performance improvements and bug fixes will immediately apply across our complete offering of color displays. updated on Jul 29, 2012. Also unlike the mathematical Cartesian coordinate system, points here have dimension — they are always one full integer pixel wide and tall. The background color feature is sometimes used with the “classic” font to overwrite old screen contents with new data. See the “Using Fonts” page for additional text features in the latest GFX library. If using an early version of the Arduino software, this might be a good time to upgrade. Inside these .h files are several data structures, including one main font structure which will usually have the same name as the font file (minus the .h). Arduino Mega or any 32-bit board should manage fine. If this happens, use fewer or smaller fonts, or use the standard built-in font. There’s one more library required, but it can’t be installed through the Library Manager. Initially this is set to (0,0) (the top-left corner of the screen). For example, whereas the cursor position when printing with the classic font identified the top-left corner of the character cell, with new fonts the cursor position indicates the baseline — the bottom-most row — of subsequent text. This guide was first published on Jul 29, 2012. The loadBMP() function is useful only on microcontrollers with considerable RAM, like the Adafruit “M0” and “M4” boards, or ESP32. You have been successfully subscribed to the Notification List for this product and will therefore receive an e-mail from us when it is back in stock! Then the .h filename and font structure name can match. The latest update to the Adafruit_GFX Arduino library now includes support for proportionally-spaced bitmap fonts of various sizes and styles. If you’re aiming for a real-world dimension, you’ll need to scale your coordinates to suit. Instead of one procedure, the text size, color and position are set up in separate functions and then the print() function is used — this makes it easy and provides all of the same string and number formatting capabilities of the familiar Serial.print() function! This will be flicker-free but requires more RAM (about 512 bytes for the 128x32 pixel canvas shown above), so it’s not always practical on AVR boards with only 2K. character-drawing function just isn’t set up to render that way (it would be prohibitive in both memory and speed on AVRs, which are still supported by the library). Each is available in a few styles (bold, italic, etc.) Nearly all our displays that work with GFX (for example, any of the OLED displays, or the 2.8″ TFT shown here) gain this new feature. This is upside-down relative to the standard Cartesian coordinate system of mathematics, but is established practice in many computer graphics systems (a throwback to the days of raster-scan CRT graphics, which worked top-to-bottom). The included fonts are derived from the GNU FreeFont project. You can also draw lines, with a starting and end point and color: For horizontal or vertical lines, there are optimized line-drawing functions that avoid the angular calculations: Next up, rectangles and squares can be drawn and filled using the following procedures. Note that this will not rotate what you already drew, but it will change the coordinate system for any new drawing. There may be exceptions, but generally you can count on 0 (clear) representing the default background state for a freshly-initialized display, whatever that works out to be. For example, whereas the cursor position when printing with the classic font identified the top-left corner of the character cell, with new fonts the cursor position indicates the baseline — the bottom-most row — of subsequent text. will be used to access the image-loading functions later. The Adafruit fork of the SdFat library needs to be downloaded as a .ZIP file, uncompressed and installed the old-school Arduino library way. Some displays may physically be capable of more or fewer bits than this, but the library operates with 16-bit values…these are easy for the Arduino to work with while also providing a consistent data type across all the different displays. Coordinates are always expressed in pixel units; there is no implicit scale to a real-world measure like millimeters or inches, and the size of a displayed graphic will be a function of that specific display’s dot pitch or pixel density. You can draw small monochrome (single color) bitmaps, good for sprites and other mini-animations or icons: This issues a contiguous block of bits to the display, where each '1' bit sets the corresponding pixel to 'color,' while each '0' bit is skipped.
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