The splices initially touched only at one end, and would not fully transfer their load until they had deflected enough for full bearing at the splices. This resulted in a loose and inefficient supervision of all parts of the work on the part of the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company.”. Spanning the St. Lawrence River near Quebec City, the massive Quebec Bridge has a history of triumph and tragedy. “The collapse of the Quebec Bridge resulted from the failure of the lower chords in the anchor arm near the main pier. The redesigned span weighed two and a half times as much as the first bridge, demonstrating the inadequacy of the original design. At this point, they were to be permanently riveted in place. Al- though the workers who failed to report to work because of the deformations lacked the technical expertise, they seemed to be the only ones who understood what was really happening to the bridge (Middleton 2001, p. 78). The serious defects were fundamental errors in design. The bridge collapsed during construction on August 29, 1907, killing 75 workers. It remains the longest cantilever railroad span ever built. Currently there is no information available about persons or companies having participated in this project. It took three tries and cost 89 lives, but the city of Quebec was determined to compete with provincial rival Montreal for commercial rail traffic in the late 19th century. The piers were made of huge granite facing stones with concrete backing (Pearson and Delatte 2006, p. 87). During the collapse, the workers were working on the cantilever arm. The bridge across the St. Lawrence River, six-mile above Quebec City, was the brainchild of the Quebec Bridge Company, a group of local business people. Do you really want to delete this item from your favorites? This added difficulty to the fabrication of such unusually large members. There were no legal ramifications for any of the engineers or foreman. All data contained herein is subject to change and is provided without warranties. The Quebec Bridge Company was first incorporated by Act of Parliament under the government of Sir John A. Macdonald in 1887, later revived in 1891, once again revived for good in 1897 by the government of Wilfrid Laurier, who granted them an extension of time in 1900. These were questioned by the bridge engineer for the railways and canals as being unusually high. The Quebec Bridge with its span of 1,801 feet, is still the world’s largest ever cantilever bridge. According to a letter written to. The twisted remains of the 1907 Quebec Bridge collapse. 91-92). As the drop-in span is lifted into position a stirrup fails and the structure falls into the waters killing 11 workers. The ends of all the chords were shaped to allow for the small deflections that were expected to occur when the chords came under their full dead load. The major one is that deformations went unheeded for so long. The solution was a rail bridge across the St. Lawrence River requiring a single cantilever span 1,800 feet long - the longest ever attempted. 48–50). Little did they know that on August 29 that they would also experience one of the largest bridge collapses in history. The fall of this massive bridge can be traced back to several technical factors. These butt splices were bolted to allow for movement. The load transferred to the opposite A9R chord that also buckled (Pearson and Delatte 2006, pp. What were the legal ramifications of the failure? Completed in 1917 at a cost of more than $22 million, it is the longest cantilever bridge in … n his long career, he had written an award-winning paper pioneering the use of steel for railway bridges, and had prepared general specifications for iron and steel bridges (Petroski 1995). When completed it would be the largest structure of its kind and the longest bridge in the world, outstripping the famous Firth of Forth Bridge in Scotland. This common practice made the fabrication of these members easier. The piers were the only part of the structure that survived. In fact, the bridge still has its name in the National Historic Site of Canada. The result was to be a rigid joint that transferred loads uniformly across its area to ensure only axial loading. The cantilever arms would reach a total distance of 171.5 m. All rights reserved. This error was of sufficient magnitude to have required the condemnation of the bridge, even if the details of the lower chords had been of sufficient strength, because, if the bridge had been completed as designed, the actual stresses would have been considerably greater than those permitted by the specifications. The project is located in Quebec, Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, Canada. Another concern during the erection of the bridge was the joints. The members under the highest compression loads continued to buckle, and tensions grew on the worksite. The Quebec Bridge was included in the National Transcontinental Railway project, undertaken by the federal government. The specifications were accepted without protest by all interested.”, “A grave error was made in assuming the dead load for the calculations at too low a value and not afterwards revising this assumption. Construction of the bridge officially began on October 2, 1900, after a grand ceremony. The Quebec Bridge Company had enough funds to begin erecting the substructure. Form the mechanical point of view, the cable-stayed bridge is a continuous girder bridge supported by elastic supports. He allowed 145 MPa for normal loading and 165 MPa under extreme loading conditions. When Cooper increased the clear span length, he stated that this would do three important things; it would eliminate the uncertainty of constructing piers in such deep water, lessen the effects of ice, and shorten the time of construction of the piers (Pearson and Delatte 2006, p. 87). The top and bottom chords for the anchor and cantilever arms of a bridge were typically designed as straight members. Quebec Bridge is a road bridge, cantilever truss bridge and steel bridge that was completed in 1919. In its typical form cantilever arms projecting toward the center of the span from main piers are continuous with and counterbalanced by anchor arms extending between the main piers and anchor pier at each end.
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