Phil Knight himself admits that Nike “has become synonymous with slave wages, forced overtime, and arbitrary abuse” (Klein, 2001, p375). It is one of the world's largest suppliers of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 (ending May 31, 2012). To increase profit, MNCs can close or move its operations to a cheaper location, or threaten to gain concessions. H��Vˎ�6�����H� �8zX~d��fZ ��E7��%ZbGU���|}�%);%E�E��{�=�>�,��Nt�����۔Ҍ�Ǜ"]/S��;��@�����7?���]�l���Ä�%�w��tI?���j,��}��&^�,7�R�,�ț��L���^�7�'}"�豭�n�A�Tj3h#8���l�GI�'�H�� ?�4���O��6�4��F���*�@%�9�F'-�ZWI�r��m�F1꩑Fz\�ģltK������D_��,�u[);�{.鱯|0N�ߌ ����� b� 2"33�`ʯ����,ɿ�u�g��v���F��_��A>ۈ!���T��G�uԍ�S���p����}xNNW⼜��ɾ7��yu�4\I�ZĠa4v4� 7�Pف��K#K쟃e�,��:0\p��Lj�U_�88��2�ːΩQe�g�@Kv�fpգt%=�Y2MҨ�A����Fw�4q0ZTK�7��D��0�=/��#�DS���HY��K�\�V�|Ҳ�G��0g$��"�̑��V�u, ��TBT�;Vg�^=��\�����у|�� ��ݲ��[`���I�۩��m*���#�˵�;�`����Q�ԦAM�N���/��z�3�|�,��:U�����h�� $ſ��
The history of NIKE is a true American success story. Globalization and the informal economy: How global trade and investment impact on the working poor. Nike claim that they have been an important force in helping to improve worker conditions, pay and rights within China. The MNCs share of world economy keeps growing and this gives them considerable power over weaker countries and economies. Klein, N. (2007). Goldman and Papson (1998) assert that by saying they do not know anything about manufacturing, as they are marketers and designers, Nike was able to distance itself from its treatment of workers and its working conditions, using the defense that they really did not know, and adding – as one Nike executive states – “I don’t know that I need to know” (p7).
These factories provide valuable jobs to the workers although the wider implications of these factories can sometimes help and hinder. Nike was started in 1964 as a sportswear company dealing with shoes but later diversified to start the production of other sports wares such as clothes and balls and other sporting equipment. Rivoli, P. (2005). First, the dynamics of the superbrand Nike, along with the implications of Nike as a superbrand, are explored. This is, as Rose (1990) states, the basic alienation that lies at the heart of work: “Workers work because they have to, they work at the behest of others in a process they do not control, to produce goods or services they do not enjoy… work is made up of the elements of obedience, self-denial and deferred gratification” (p56). When asked why he said that Nike … & Siteman, A.J. These brands constantly appear in the top half of all studies of the most powerful brands, with Nike in 2009 ranking 26th at a …
TNCs such as Nike often improve infrastructure and communications and create a skilled and experienced workforce, which can encourage further investment in the country by other countries. Yet, conditions seem only to be getting worse in these factories in these Export Processing Zones.
Nike has been working in China for over 30 years when they started to sub-contract production to overseas factories. Went, R. (2000). It is the world’s largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel. Globalization is the spread of free market capitalism to virtually every country in the world. Finally, the number of corporations operating transnationally amounted to 53,000 in 1997 with 448,000 foreign affiliates. Third, power has shifted away from governments to supranational organizations like the World Bank, IMF, G7, WTO and OECD.
Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse, 3(12). Second, globalization is discussed as a phenomenon affecting the global balance of power.
In this paper I will attempt to summarize the paper (Locke, 2002) on Nike’s unethical international expansion. The swoosh was designed by a university student attending a class taught by Nike CEO Phil Knight. As Feit and Surpuriya (1997) state: “They were selling sports, an ideology based on the pursuit of excellence in which people's lives are improved through competition, fair play, fitness, and self-esteem. DMR » Stats and Fun facts Pages » Clothing and Apparel Statistics and Fun Facts » NIKE Facts and Statistics. Nike has since become a household name and is present in all continents. Marx, in his work. Global Village or Global Pillage. Tz-Han Chen This means that the local workers should be better off as a result of working for Nike than compared to other companies. As we move from Fordism to Post-Fordism and from Industrialism to Post-Industrialism, the new Market that prevails under Globalization implies many changes to the nature of work and organizations. Thus, the Nike product, or as Marx describes it – commodity – is separate from the person who created it. The economy has not slowed down business at Nike Inc., which is one of the most successful sports makers in the world. In such corporations, the central axis is no longer manufacturing, as production is broken up and dispersed, but is the marketing of the brand. China is now Nike's fastest-growing market and has its own regional headquarters. The headquarters are based in Washington County, Oregon, USA. The Ultimate Book of Business Brands: Insights from the World’s 50 Greatest Brands.
To make the products for Nike and superbrands to put their logo on, the free-trade or EPZs, such as that in China described above, emerged (Klein, 2000).
This allows company 's to enlarge their base, their workforce, their consumers, and therefore, corporations, para-governmental institutions and superstrates to contain and separate people from what were previously public resources” and the windows are for us to open new opportunities for ourselves (Christie). New York: Routledge. A Nike manager describes how Nike and its executives symbolize the Nike climate: “Emotionally, Nike executives are like top sportsman – very focused, very determined, hardworking… They want to win” (Crainer & Dearlove, 2003, p162).
2011. ‘Although multinationals are eager to pursue the opportunities of increased global integration, they are increasingly aware of the reactions which their strategies induce – both at home and abroad. Businesses large and both small are able to compete, produce, and sell their products without limits to either demographic or geographic factors. This article examines the reasons why racism persists in Cuba more than fifty years after the 1959 Revolution in which Fidel Castro promised Afro-Cubans to eradicate racism from the island. Goldman, R. & Papson, S. (1998). Here are the more interesting NIKE facts and statistics I was able to dig up. Furthermore, industries like Nike have led to and are typical examples of the deskilling of production: “the migration of shoe assembly jobs from one Asian nation to the next is only possible if the work of making shoes is deskilled” (Goldman & Papson, 1998, p12). Be sure to check back regularly. A Chinese worker working a fifty-hour week would have to spend half her monthly income to buy a pair of Air Jordan XVs (Collins, 2001). Nike sales revenue in 1996 was $6.4 billion USD and has grown to $32.46 billion USD as of 2016 Nike has 31% of the global athletic footwear market There are 700 Nike stores globally There are 45 countries that have a Nike office Below is a chart that details Nike's revenue for North America: 28 "Superbrands, Globalization, and Neoliberalism: Exploring Causes and Consequences of the Nike Superbrand." Or, as Marx would say, the operation of capital is built on the exploitation of labour (Goldman & Papson, 1998). Nike is the personification of the product-free brand. To get your copy of the report, click on the button below to purchase it. There are no trade unions and any sign of organizing is seriously punished giving workers no outlet to express injustices. Much of the profit generated by the company will not remain in China but will leak out and back to company headquarters in the USA. World trade has reached an unparalleled level: “Since the late 1980s international trade has been growing twice as fast as the world’s combined gross national products” (p10). MNCs use these global markets as a natural strategy. Critics say that Nike is aware of these conditions for a long time and are clearly not controlling its contractors, turning a blind eye to these abuses for one simple reason: profit. Economic policy, globalization, and the labour Movement: Changes in the global economy from the golden age to the neoliberal era. The current Nike CEO, Phil Knight, started the company in 1964 with Bill Bowerman. Nike was started in 1964 as a sportswear company dealing with shoes but later diversified to start the production of other sports wares such as clothes and balls and other sporting equipment. Carr, M. & Chen, M. A. Positives Facts about Nike Negatives History of Nike Children working in a Nike Sweatshop Nike has really changed the fashion and the look of shoes, if it wasn’t for Nike we would be walking around with lame footwear. Thus, life expectancy is lengthened. The Promise and Peril of Globalization: The case of Nike. Manufacturing in urban areas of Indonesia contributed to rural-urban migration, resulting in overpopulation of cities and the growth of shantytowns. It is not enough to be the best in the city or even the country. Second, the influence of MNCs keep growing and global companies are organizing production and distribution globally, with major consequences for the structure of organizations and for employees. By 1997, 143 countries had adopted special laws to encourage FDI and most countries have adapted their economy in some way to attract foreign investor.
Retrieved 1 October 2009, from www.ilo.org.
Nike links many parts of the world. In Vietnam, Nike employs around 25,000 workers who produce over a million shoes each year. Infrastructure that was set up to support Nike will also provide an advantage to other investors. Superbrands, Globalization, and Neoliberalism: Exploring Causes and Consequences of the Nike Superbrand.
Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse 3.12 (2011).
As one of the pioneers in foreign labor, Nike ran into a number of issues surrounding sweat shop, child labor and minimum wage wars.
The Travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade.
In the city of Sialkot in Pakistan, which specializes in export-oriented and labour-intensive goods, Nike was exposed for child labour in 1996, where an article was published that included a photo of a 12-year-old boy stitching a Nike soccer ball. (2011).
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