���b�>g�����!zwz�NQ�����݊j��xS��Y T�>�W�t{�,HI&�j���/� Electrons from the head of chlorophyll a become energized and are captured by a primary electron receptor. Another difference is that this electron transport chain produces NADPH, not ATP. Photosynthesis will slow down or stop possibly. ■ Chemiosmosis. 13.5k plays . What is the overall outcome of the light reactions in photosynthesis? Two types of photosystems, PS I and PS II, cooperate in the light reactions of photosynthesis. The cytochrome complex transfers protons across the thylakoid membrane and transfers electrons from PS II to PS I. Light is absorbed by the photosystems (PS II and PS I) in the thylakoid membranes and electrons flow through electron transport chains. IBO; Edexcel; College Board Want to cite, share, or modify this book? The chloroplast is enclosed by a double membrane. After the completion of the light dependent reactions, the electrons are transferred from PS-II to PS-I. Reduction of NADP (Noncyclic Photophosphorylation). The products of the light independent reaction are used to power the Calvin cycle to produce glucose. Electrons from P680 pass along an electron transport chain consisting of several molecules including cytochromes and several other proteins, and ultimately end up in P700 (PSI). When rubisco binds with O2 instead of CO2, this process, photorespiration, diverts the process of photosynthesis in two ways. Describe the electron transfer pathway from photosystem II to photosystem I in the light-dependent reactions. How does the equation relate to both photosynthesis and cellular respiration? 5.7). The products of the light dependent reaction are used to power the Calvin cycle to produce glucose. ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light dependent reactions to be used in the light independent reactions that produce proteins. There are a few hundred photosystems in each thylakoid. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book 1. This flow of electrons is exergonic and provides energy to produce ATP by chemiosmosis, the same way ATP is produced in mitochondria. As a result, C-4 plants thrive in hot and sunny environments where C-3 plants would wilt and die. Start studying AP Biology - Photosynthesis. The products of the light dependent reaction are used to power the Calvin cycle to produce glucose. Help our cause by, © 1999-2020, Rice University. One difference is that the electrons that escape from chlorophyll a are replaced with electrons from photosystem II, P680, instead of from water. 7 likes. Biology. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. The rate of photosynthesis decreases and then increases. When photons strike photosystem (PS) II, pigments pass the light energy to chlorophyll molecules that in turn excite electrons, which are then passed to the electron transport chain. Pigments found in red algae, the phycobilins, are reddish and absorb light in the blue and green range. After splitting water in PS-II, high energy electrons are delivered through the chloroplast electron transport chain to PS-I. It contains grana, where the light-dependent reactions occur, and stroma, where the light-independent reactions occur. UV and X-rays are low energy waves that penetrate the tissues and damage cells. When photons strike photosystem (PS) I, pigments pass the light energy to chlorophyll, molecules that excite electrons, which is then passed to the electron transport chain. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. The sole purpose of cyclic photophosphorylation is to produce ATP. Energy is absorbed by P680. During noncyclic photophosphorylation, electrons enter two electron transport chains. NADPH and ATP molecules are produced during the light reactions, which are used to power the light dependent reactions. Explain why X-rays and ultraviolet light wavelengths are dangerous to living tissues. Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is converted to chemical bond energy and carbon is fixed into organic compounds. The data are obtained from a living plant—not from isolated photosynthetic pigment as in an absorption spectrum. The products of the light dependent reaction are used to power the Calvin cycle to produce glucose. The process begins in PS II and proceeds through steps (photosystem II, photolysis, ETC, chemiosmosis, reduction of NADP, photosystem I). 9601 0 obj <>stream As shown in Figure 5.5 there are two possible routes for electron flow: noncyclic flow (Fig. Photosynthesis will increase exponentially. The carotenoids are yellow, orange, and red. ■ NADP becomes reduced when it picks up the two protons that were released from water in P680. UV and X-rays cannot penetrate tissues and thus damage the cells. Revise; Test. C-4 plants exhibit modified anatomy and biochemical pathways that enable them to minimize excess water loss and maximize sugar production.
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