The resistance, it must be emphasized, came from only a section of the population. [54] 260,000 reached Israel in 1948–1951, 600,000 by 1972.[54][55][56]. Palestine, like Egypt and Syria, seems to have had no economic freedom under Ptolemaic rule; in all transactions the hand of the government’s agents is clearly visible. Close to the shrine and to the south, ʿAbd al-Malik’s son, al-Walīd I (705–715), rebuilt Al-Aqṣa Mosque on a larger scale. The Zionist movement called for the establishment of a nation state for the Jewish people in Palestine, which would serve as a haven for the Jews of the world and in which they would have the right for self-determination. He dispatched three detachments of about 3,000 (later increased to about 7,500) men each to start operations in southern and southeastern Syria. In January 1993, Israeli and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) negotiators began secret negotiations in Oslo, Norway. On November 25, 2009, Israel imposed a 10-month construction freeze on all of its settlements in the West Bank. Thus were laid the seeds of fresh revolt. It was alleged that the money was used for Arafat's personal expenses. The conquests he started were carried on by his successor, the caliph ʿUmar I (634–644). Paramilitary groups: After 26 May 1948: Catastrophe, Arabic: النكبة , al-Nakba), was fought in the territory of Palestine under the British Mandate.It is the first war of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the broader Arab–Israeli conflict. Jewish immigration was impelled by the burning memories of the Holocaust, the chaotic postwar conditions in Europe, and the growing possibility of attaining a Jewish state where the victims of persecution could guarantee their own safety. Israelis stated that these acts of terrorism were because the Palestinian Authority openly encouraged and supported incitement against Israel, and terrorism. Almost all of Haganah's armoured vehicles had been destroyed, the blockade was in full operation, and hundreds of Haganah members who had tried to bring supplies into the city were killed. The Jewish militias, organised into the Israel Defense Forces, managed to halt the Arab forces. IDF invaded Lebanon and even occupied Beirut. Rosemarie Esber, Under the Cover of War, Arabicus Books & Medica, 2009, p.28. They were, however, allowed to attend Egyptian universities and, at times, to elect local officials. The Umayyad caliph ʿUmar II (717–720) imposed humiliating restrictions on his non-Muslim subjects, particularly the Christians. Later on Israel offered to renew the moratorium in exchange for a Palestinian Authority recognition of Israel as the national homeland of the Jewish people. The following section presents the demographic history of the Jewish and Arab populations in Palestine, Israel and the Palestinian territories spanning through the last two centuries which has been taken from census results and official documents which mention demographic composition. In 840/841 Abū Ḥarb, a Yemenite, unfurled the white banner of the Umayyads and succeeded in recruiting a large number of peasant followers, mainly among the Palestinian population, who regarded him as the saviour whose appearance was to save the land from the hated ʿAbbāsids. After ʿAbbāsid authority was briefly restored, Palestine came under Ikhshīdid rule (935–969). [19] Some of these immigrants were absorbed in Jewish communities established on lands purchased legally by Zionist agencies from absentee landlords. Because much of their land was confiscated, Arabs were forced to abandon agriculture and become unskilled wage labourers, working in Jewish industries and construction companies. The fact that several cities had Ptolemaic dynastic names (Philadelphia, Philoteria, Ptolemais) must not lead to the conclusion that the early Ptolemies wanted to urbanize and raise the standard of living of the people of Palestine. An arms embargo was declared with the intention that neither side would make gains from the truce. The Jewish leadership accepted the partition plan as "the indispensable minimum,"[36] glad to gain international recognition but sorry that they did not receive more. The Zionists, on the other hand, were united behind Ben-Gurion, and the Haganah had been given permission to arm itself. [66] As well as violating the arms and personnel embargo, both sides sent fresh units to the front. In September 1970 a bloody military struggle was held between Jordan and the Palestinian armed organizations. With the Arab world in a period of renaissance popularizing notions of Arab unity and nationalism amid the decline of the Ottoman Empire, most saw themselves as part of the larger Arab or Muslim community. By December 2017 it had lost 95 percent of its territory, including its two biggest properties, Mosul, Iraq's second largest city, and the northern Syrian city of Raqqa, its nominal capital. [26], Zionism formed in Europe as the national movement of the Jewish people. In January 2005, Sharon formed a national unity government that included representatives of Likud, Labor, and Meimad and Degel HaTorah as "out-of-government" supporters without any seats in the government (United Torah Judaism parties usually reject having ministerial offices as a policy). The elections led to a temporary truce between Israel and the Palestinians and to the Aquba summit in the May 2003 in which Sharon endorsed the Road map for peace put forth by the United States, European Union, and Russia, which opened a dialogue with Mahmoud Abbas, and announced his commitment to the creation of a Palestinian state in the future. [114] However, the Palestinians rejected the call[115] and refused to enter negotiations, despite Israeli appeals to do so. 55, 2004, Statistical Abstract of Israel 2007: Population by district, sub-district and religion, "Palestine's Population During The Ottoman And The British Mandate Periods", "A Brief History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict", Beginner's Guide to the Israeli Palestinian Conflict (VIDEO), Yahoo News Full Coverage: Mideast Conflict, List of modern conflicts in the Middle East, Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine, Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank, The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem, Villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict&oldid=982137113, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2014, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
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